从零开始搭建前后端分离的NetCore2.2(EF Core CodeFirst+Autofac)+Vue的
<h1> </h1><h1> 1.缓存概念</h1>
<h2> 1.什么是缓存</h2>
<p> 这里要讲到的缓存是服务端缓存,简单的说,缓存就是将一些实时性不高,但访问又十分频繁,大概说要很长时间才能取到的数据给存在内存当中,当有请求时直接返回,不消颠末数据库或接口获取。这样就可以减轻数据库的负担。<br /></p>
<h2> 2.为什么要用缓存</h2>
<p> 总的来说就是为了进步相应速率(用户体验度),淘汰数据库访问频率。</p>
<p> 在一个用户看来,软件利用的体验度才是关键,在对实时性要求不高的情况下,用户肯定会以为打开界面的相应速率快,能包管寻常工作的应用才是好的。因此为了满足这个需求,通过利用缓存,就可以包管满足在正常工作的条件下相应时间尽大概短。</p>
<p> 例如:当客户端向服务器请求某个数据时,服务器先在缓存中找,如果在缓存中,就直接返回,无需查询数据库;如果请求的数据不在缓存中,这时再去数据库中找,找到后返回给客户端,并将这个资源参加缓存中。这样下次请求相同资源时,就不需</p>
<p> 要毗连数据库了。而且如果把缓存放在内存中,由于对内存的操纵要比对数据库操纵快得多,这样请求时间也会缩短。每当数据发生变革的时候(好比,数据有被修改,或被删除的情况下),要同步的更新缓存信息,确保用户不会在缓存取到旧的数据。</p>
<p> <strong>如果没有利用缓存</strong>,用户去请求某个数据,当用户量和数据渐渐增长的时候,就会发现每次用户请求的时间越来越长,且数据库无时不刻都在工作。这样用户和数据库都很痛楚,时间一长,就有大概发生下以下事变:</p>
<p> 1.用户常诉苦应用打开速率太慢,页面经常无相应,偶尔还会出现崩溃的情况。</p>
<p> 2.数据库毗连数满大概说数据库相应慢(处理不外来)。</p>
<p> 3.当并发量上来的时候,大概会导致数据库崩溃,使得应用无法正常利用。</p>
<h1> 2.选用Redis还是Memcached</h1>
<p> 简单说下这两者的区别,两者都是通过key-value的方式举行存储的,Memcached只有简单的字符串格式,而Redis还支持更多的格式(list、 set、sorted set、hash table ),缓存时利用到的数据都是在内存当中,</p>
<p> 不同的在于Redis支持持久化,集群、简单事务、发布/订阅、主从同步等功能,当断电或软件重启时,Memcached中的数据就已经不存在了,而Redis可以通过读取磁盘中的数据再次利用。<br /></p>
<p> 这里进步Windows版的安装包:传送门 可视化工具:因文件太大无法上传到博客园。代码仓库中有,需要的私信哦~</p>
<h1> 3.两者在NetCore 中的利用<br /></h1>
<p> Memcached的利用还是相当简单的,首先在 Startup 类中做以下更改,添加缓存参数赋值给外部类来方便利用 </p>
public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env, IMemoryCache memoryCache)
{
//....省略部门代码
DemoWeb.MemoryCache = memoryCache;
//....省略部门代码
}
<p> </p>
DemoWeb中的代码:
public class DemoWeb
{
//....省略部门代码
/// <summary>
/// MemoryCache
/// </summary>
public static IMemoryCache MemoryCache { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// 获取当前请求客户端IP
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
public static string GetClientIp()
{
var ip = HttpContext.Request.Headers["X-Forwarded-For"].FirstOrDefault()?.Split(',').Trim();
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(ip))
{
ip = HttpContext.Connection.RemoteIpAddress.ToString();
}
return ip;
}
}
<p> 然后创建 MemoryCache 来封装些缓存的简单方法</p>
<div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div>
/// <summary>
/// MemoryCache缓存
/// </summary>
public class MemoryCache
{
private static readonly HashSet<string> Keys = new HashSet<string>();
/// <summary>
/// 缓存前缀
/// </summary>
public string Prefix { get; }
/// <summary>
/// 构造函数
/// </summary>
/// <param name="prefix"></param>
public MemoryCache(string prefix)
{
Prefix = prefix + "_";
}
/// <summary>
/// 获取
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
/// <param name="key"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public T Get<T>(string key)
{
return DemoWeb.MemoryCache.Get<T>(Prefix + key);
}
/// <summary>
/// 设置 无逾期时间
/// </summary>
/// <param name="key"></param>
/// <param name="data"></param>
public void Set(string key, object data)
{
key = Prefix + key;
DemoWeb.MemoryCache.Set(key, data);
if (!Keys.Contains(key))
{
Keys.Add(key);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 设置
/// </summary>
/// <param name="key"></param>
/// <param name="data"></param>
/// <param name="absoluteExpiration"></param>
public void Set(string key, object data, DateTimeOffset absoluteExpiration)
{
key = Prefix + key;
DemoWeb.MemoryCache.Set(key, data, absoluteExpiration);
if (!Keys.Contains(key))
{
Keys.Add(key);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 设置
/// </summary>
/// <param name="key"></param>
/// <param name="data"></param>
/// <param name="absoluteExpirationRelativeToNow"></param>
public void Set(string key, object data, TimeSpan absoluteExpirationRelativeToNow)
{
key = Prefix + key;
DemoWeb.MemoryCache.Set(key, data, absoluteExpirationRelativeToNow);
if (!Keys.Contains(key))
{
Keys.Add(key);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 设置
/// </summary>
/// <param name="key"></param>
/// <param name="data"></param>
/// <param name="expirationToken"></param>
public void Set(string key, object data, IChangeToken expirationToken)
{
key = Prefix + key;
DemoWeb.MemoryCache.Set(key, data, expirationToken);
if (!Keys.Contains(key))
{
Keys.Add(key);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 设置
/// </summary>
/// <param name="key"></param>
/// <param name="data"></param>
/// <param name="options"></param>
public void Set(string key, object data, MemoryCacheEntryOptions options)
{
key = Prefix + key;
DemoWeb.MemoryCache.Set(key, data, options);
if (!Keys.Contains(key))
{
Keys.Add(key);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 移除某个
/// </summary>
/// <param name="key"></param>
public void Remove(string key)
{
key = Prefix + key;
DemoWeb.MemoryCache.Remove(key);
if (Keys.Contains(key))
{
Keys.Remove(key);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 清空全部
/// </summary>
public void ClearAll()
{
foreach (var key in Keys)
{
DemoWeb.MemoryCache.Remove(key);
}
Keys.Clear();
}
}
View Code
<p> 其实接下来就可以直接利用缓存了,但为了方便利用,再建一个缓存类别的中间类来管理。</p>
<div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div>
public class UserCache
{
private static readonly MemoryCache Cache = new MemoryCache("User");
private static TimeSpan _timeout = TimeSpan.Zero;
private static TimeSpan Timeout
{
get
{
if (_timeout != TimeSpan.Zero)
return _timeout;
try
{
_timeout = TimeSpan.FromMinutes(20);
return _timeout;
}
catch (Exception)
{
return TimeSpan.FromMinutes(10);
}
}
}
public static void Set(string key,string cache)
{
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(cache))
return;
Cache.Set(key, cache, Timeout);
}
public static string Get(string key)
{
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(key))
return default(string);
return Cache.Get<string>(key);
}
}
UserCache
<p> 测试是否可以正常利用:代码与截图</p>
public ActionResult ValidToken()
{
var key = "tkey";
UserCache.Set(key, "测试数据");
return Succeed(UserCache.Get(key));
}
<p><div align="center"></div></p>
<p> 可以清楚的看到 MemoryCache 可以正常利用。</p>
<p> <strong>那么接下来将讲到如何利用 Redis 缓存。先在需要封装基础类的项目 Nuget 包中添加StackExchange.Redis依靠。然后添加Redis 毗连类</strong></p>
<div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div>
internal class RedisConnectionFactory
{
public string ConnectionString { get; set; }
public string Password { get; set; }
public ConnectionMultiplexer CurrentConnectionMultiplexer { get; set; }
/// <summary>
/// 设置毗连字符串
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
public void SetConnectionString(string connectionString)
{
ConnectionString = connectionString;
}
/// <summary>
/// 设置毗连字符串
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
public void SetPassword(string password)
{
Password = password;
}
public ConnectionMultiplexer GetConnectionMultiplexer()
{
if (CurrentConnectionMultiplexer == null || !CurrentConnectionMultiplexer.IsConnected)
{
if (CurrentConnectionMultiplexer != null)
{
CurrentConnectionMultiplexer.Dispose();
}
CurrentConnectionMultiplexer = GetConnectionMultiplexer(ConnectionString);
}
return CurrentConnectionMultiplexer;
}
private ConnectionMultiplexer GetConnectionMultiplexer(string connectionString)
{
ConnectionMultiplexer connectionMultiplexer;
if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(Password) && !connectionString.ToLower().Contains("password"))
{
connectionString += $",password={Password}";
}
var redisConfiguration = ConfigurationOptions.Parse(connectionString);
redisConfiguration.AbortOnConnectFail = true;
redisConfiguration.AllowAdmin = false;
redisConfiguration.ConnectRetry = 5;
redisConfiguration.ConnectTimeout = 3000;
redisConfiguration.DefaultDatabase = 0;
redisConfiguration.KeepAlive = 20;
redisConfiguration.SyncTimeout = 30 * 1000;
redisConfiguration.Ssl = false;
connectionMultiplexer = ConnectionMultiplexer.Connect(redisConfiguration);
return connectionMultiplexer;
}
}
RedisConnectionFactory
<p><strong> 再添加Redis客户端类</strong></p>
<div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div>
/// <summary>
/// Redis Client
/// </summary>
public class RedisClient : IDisposable
{
public int DefaultDatabase { get; set; } = 0;
private readonly ConnectionMultiplexer _client;
private IDatabase _db;
public RedisClient(ConnectionMultiplexer client)
{
_client = client;
UseDatabase();
}
public void UseDatabase(int db = -1)
{
if (db == -1)
db = DefaultDatabase;
_db = _client.GetDatabase(db);
}
public string StringGet(string key)
{
return _db.StringGet(key).ToString();
}
public void StringSet(string key, string data)
{
_db.StringSet(key, data);
}
public void StringSet(string key, string data, TimeSpan timeout)
{
_db.StringSet(key, data, timeout);
}
public T Get<T>(string key)
{
var json = StringGet(key);
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(json))
{
return default(T);
}
return json.ToNetType<T>();
}
public void Set(string key, object data)
{
var json = data.ToJson();
_db.StringSet(key, json);
}
public void Set(string key, object data, TimeSpan timeout)
{
var json = data.ToJson();
_db.StringSet(key, json, timeout);
}
/// <summary>
/// Exist
/// </summary>
/// <param name="key"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public bool Exist(string key)
{
return _db.KeyExists(key);
}
/// <summary>
/// Delete
/// </summary>
/// <param name="key"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public bool Delete(string key)
{
return _db.KeyDelete(key);
}
/// <summary>
/// Set Expire to Key
/// </summary>
/// <param name="key"></param>
/// <param name="expiry"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public bool Expire(string key, TimeSpan? expiry)
{
return _db.KeyExpire(key, expiry);
}
/// <summary>
/// 计数器如果不存在则设置值,如果存在则添加值如果key存在且类型不为long则会异常
/// </summary>
/// <param name="key"></param>
/// <param name="value"></param>
/// <param name="expiry">只有第一次设置有用期见效</param>
/// <returns></returns>
public long SetStringIncr(string key, long value = 1, TimeSpan? expiry = null)
{
var nubmer = _db.StringIncrement(key, value);
if (nubmer == 1 && expiry != null)//只有第一次设置有用期(防止覆盖)
_db.KeyExpireAsync(key, expiry);//设置有用期
return nubmer;
}
/// <summary>
/// 读取计数器
/// </summary>
/// <param name="key"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public long GetStringIncr(string key)
{
var value = StringGet(key);
return string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(value) ? 0 : long.Parse(value);
}
/// <summary>
/// 计数器-淘汰 如果不存在则设置值,如果存在则淘汰值如果key存在且类型不为long则会异常
/// </summary>
/// <param name="key"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public long StringDecrement(string key, long value = 1)
{
var nubmer = _db.StringDecrement(key, value);
return nubmer;
}
public void Dispose()
{
_client?.Dispose();
}
}
RedisClient
<p><strong> 然后再添加Redis毗连生成工具类</strong></p>
<div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div>
public static class RedisFactory
{
private static readonly object Locker = new object();
private static RedisConnectionFactory factory;
private static void InitRedisConnection()
{
try
{
factory = new RedisConnectionFactory();
var connectionString = DemoWeb.Configuration["Redis:ConnectionString"];
#if DEBUG
connectionString = "127.0.0.1:6379";
#endif
factory.ConnectionString = connectionString;
factory.Password = DemoWeb.Configuration["Redis:Pwd"];
}
catch (Exception e)
{
LogHelper.Logger.Fatal(e, "Redis毗连创建失败。");
}
}
public static RedisClient GetClient()
{
//先判定一轮,淘汰锁,进步服从
if (factory == null || string.IsNullOrEmpty(factory.ConnectionString))
{
//防止并发创建
lock (Locker)
{
InitRedisConnection();
}
}
return new RedisClient(factory.GetConnectionMultiplexer())
{
DefaultDatabase = DemoWeb.Configuration["Redis:DefaultDatabase"].ToInt()
};
}
}
RedisFactory
<p><strong> 这里要利用到前面的静态扩展方法。请自行添加传送门 ,还需要将 Startup 类中的 Configuration 给赋值到 DemoWeb中的 Configuration 字段值来利用。</strong></p>
<p><strong> 在配置文件 appsettings.json 中添加</strong></p>
"Redis": {
"ConnectionString": "127.0.0.1:6379",
"Pwd": "",
"DefaultDatabase": 0
}
<p><strong> 再添加Redis缓存利用类</strong></p>
<div align="center"></div><div align="center"></div>
/// <summary>
/// Redis缓存
/// </summary>
public class RedisCache
{
private static RedisClient _client;
private static RedisClient Client => _client ?? (_client = RedisFactory.GetClient());
private static string ToKey(string key)
{
return $"Cache_redis_{key}";
}
/// <summary>
/// 获取
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
/// <param name="key"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static T Get<T>(string key)
{
try
{
var redisKey = ToKey(key);
return Client.Get<T>(redisKey);
}
catch (Exception e)
{
LogHelper.Logger.Fatal(e, "RedisCache.Get \n key:{0}", key);
return default(T);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 尝试获取
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
/// <param name="key"></param>
/// <param name="result"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
private static T TryGet<T>(string key, out bool result)
{
result = true;
try
{
var redisKey = ToKey(key);
return Client.Get<T>(redisKey);
}
catch (Exception e)
{
LogHelper.Logger.Fatal(e, "RedisCache.TryGet \n key:{0}", key);
result = false;
return default(T);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 获取
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
/// <param name="key"></param>
/// <param name="setFunc"></param>
/// <param name="expiry"></param>
/// <param name="resolver"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static T Get<T>(string key, Func<T> setFunc, TimeSpan? expiry = null)
{
var redisKey = ToKey(key);
var result = TryGet<T>(redisKey, out var success);
if (success && result == null)
{
result = setFunc();
try
{
Set(redisKey, result, expiry);
}
catch (Exception e)
{
LogHelper.Logger.Fatal(e, "RedisCache.Get<T> \n key:{0}", key);
}
}
return result;
}
/// <summary>
/// 设置
/// </summary>
/// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
/// <param name="key"></param>
/// <param name="value"></param>
/// <param name="expiry"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static bool Set<T>(string key, T value, TimeSpan? expiry = null)
{
var allRedisKey = ToKey("||Keys||");
var redisKey = ToKey(key);
var allkeyRedisValue = Client.StringGet(allRedisKey);
var keys = allkeyRedisValue.ToNetType<List<string>>() ?? new List<string>();
if (!keys.Contains(redisKey))
{
keys.Add(redisKey);
Client.Set(allRedisKey, keys);
}
if (expiry.HasValue)
{
Client.StringSet(redisKey, value.ToJson(), expiry.Value);
}
else
{
Client.StringSet(redisKey, value.ToJson());
}
return true;
}
/// <summary>
/// 重新设置逾期时间
/// </summary>
/// <param name="key"></param>
/// <param name="expiry"></param>
public static void ResetItemTimeout(string key, TimeSpan expiry)
{
var redisKey = ToKey(key);
Client.Expire(redisKey, expiry);
}
/// <summary>
/// Exist
/// </summary>
/// <param name="key">原始key</param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static bool Exist(string key)
{
var redisKey = ToKey(key);
return Client.Exist(redisKey);
}
/// <summary>
/// 计数器 增长能设置逾期时间的都设置逾期时间
/// </summary>
/// <param name="key"></param>
/// <param name="value"></param>
/// <param name="expiry"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static bool SetStringIncr(string key, long value = 1, TimeSpan? expiry = null, bool needRest0 = false)
{
var redisKey = ToKey(key);
try
{
if (expiry.HasValue)
{
if (Exist(key) && needRest0)
{
var exitValue = GetStringIncr(key);
Client.SetStringIncr(redisKey, value - exitValue, expiry.Value);
}
else
{
Client.SetStringIncr(redisKey, value, expiry.Value);
}
}
else
{
if (Exist(key) && needRest0)
{
var exitValue = GetStringIncr(key);
Client.SetStringIncr(redisKey, value - exitValue);
}
else
{
Client.SetStringIncr(redisKey, value);
}
}
}
catch (Exception e)
{
LogHelper.Logger.Fatal($"计数器-增长错误,缘故起因:{e.Message}");
return false;
}
return true;
}
/// <summary>
/// 读取计数器
/// </summary>
/// <param name="key"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static long GetStringIncr(string key)
{
var redisKey = ToKey(key);
return Client.GetStringIncr(redisKey);
}
/// <summary>
/// 计数器 - 淘汰
/// </summary>
/// <param name="key"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static bool StringDecrement(string key, long value = 1)
{
var redisKey = ToKey(key);
try
{
Client.StringDecrement(redisKey, value);
return true;
}
catch (Exception e)
{
LogHelper.Logger.Fatal($"计数器-淘汰错误,缘故起因:{e.Message}");
return false;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 删除
/// </summary>
/// <param name="key"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static bool Delete(string key)
{
var redisKey = ToKey(key);
return Client.Delete(redisKey);
}
/// <summary>
/// 清空
/// </summary>
public static void Clear()
{
//由于codis不支持keys之类的下令,以是只能本身记载下来,然后通过这个来整理。
var redisKey = ToKey("||Keys||");
var keys = Client.Get<List<string>>(redisKey);
var notExists = new List<string>();
foreach (var key in keys)
{
if (Client.Exist(key))
Client.Delete(key);
else
notExists.Add(key);
}
if (notExists.Count > 0)
{
keys.RemoveAll(s => notExists.Contains(s));
Client.Set(redisKey, keys);
}
}
}
RedisCache
<p> 到这来根本就快可以拿来测试是否可以用了。但是条件是得把 Redis 给运行起来。</p>
<p> 将上面的 Redis安装包安装,并启动所安装文件夹中的 redis-server.exe 步伐,若出现闪退情况,就运行 redis-cli.exe 步伐,然后输入 shutdown 按下回车,重新运行 redis-server.exe 步伐,就会出现这个界面。<div align="center"></div></p>
<p> 到这来,添加一个测试方法来看看结果。借助Redis可视化工具检察结果如下</p>
<p><div align="center"></div></p>
<p> 测试完善成功,由于时间题目,上面 RedisCache只有字符串的方法,没有加别的类型的方法。有需要的本身加咯~</p>
<p> </p>
<p> 在下一篇中将先容如何在NetCore中如何利用 过滤器来举行权限验证</p>
<p> </p>
<p> 有需要源码的在下方评论或私信~给我的SVN访客账户暗码下载,代码未放在GitHub上。svn中新加上了Redis安装包及可视化工具。</p><br><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/>来源:<a href="https://www.cnblogs.com/levywang/archive/2019/09/11/coreframe_8.html" target="_blank">https://www.cnblogs.com/levywang/archive/2019/09/11/coreframe_8.html</a>
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