还记得刚刚开始接触编程开辟时,傻傻的将网站开辟和网络编程混为一谈,常常因分不清晰而引为笑柄。厥后委曲分清晰,又由于各种各样的协议端口之类的名词而倍感秘密,所以为了揭开网络编程的秘密面纱,本文实验以一个简朴的小例子,简述在网络编程开辟中涉及到的相干知识点,仅供学习分享使用,如有不敷之处,还请指正。
概述
在TCP/IP协议族中,传输层紧张包罗TCP和UDP两种通信协议,它们以差异的方式实现两台主机中的差异应用步调之间的数据传输,即数据的端到端传输。由于它们的实现方式差异,因此各有一套属于自己的端口号,且相互独立。采取五元组(协议,信源机IP地址,信源应用进程端口,信宿机IP地址,信宿应用进程端口)来形貌两个应用进程之间的通信关联,这也是进行网络步调计划最根本的概念。传输控制协议(Transmission Control Protocol,TCP)提供一种面向连接的、可靠的数据传输服务,包管了端到端数据传输的可靠性。
涉及知识点
本例中涉及知识点如下所示:
- TcpClient : TcpClient类为TCP网络服务提供客户端连接,它构建于Socket类之上,以提供较高级别的TCP服务,提供了通过网络连接、发送和接收数据的简朴方法。
- TcpListener:构建于Socket之上,提供了更高抽象级别的TCP服务,使得步调员能更方便地编写服务器端应用步调。通常环境下,服务器端应用步调在启动时将起首绑定当地网络接口的IP地址和端口号,然后进入侦听客户哀求的状态,以便于客户端应用步调提出显式哀求。
- NetworkStream:提供网络访问的根本数据流。一旦侦听到有客户端应用步调哀求连接侦听端口,服务器端应用将接受哀求,并创建一个负责与客户端应用步调通信的信道。
网络谈天表示图
如下图所示:看似两个在差异网络上的人谈天,实际上都是通过服务端进行接收转发的。
示例截图
服务端截图,如下所示:
客户端截图,如下所示:开启两个客户端,开始美猴王和二师兄的对话。
核心代码
发送信息类,如下所示:
- 1 using System;
- 2 using System.Collections.Generic;
- 3 using System.Linq;
- 4 using System.Text;
- 5 using System.Threading.Tasks;
- 6
- 7 namespace Common
- 8 {
- 9 /// <summary>
- 10 /// 界说一个类,全部要发送的内容,都按照这个来
- 11 /// </summary>
- 12 public class ChatMessage
- 13 {
- 14 /// <summary>
- 15 /// 头部信息
- 16 /// </summary>
- 17 public ChatHeader header { get; set; }
- 18
- 19 /// <summary>
- 20 /// 信息类型,默认为文本
- 21 /// </summary>
- 22 public ChatType chatType { get; set; }
- 23
- 24 /// <summary>
- 25 /// 内容信息
- 26 /// </summary>
- 27 public string info { get; set; }
- 28
- 29 }
- 30
- 31 /// <summary>
- 32 /// 头部信息
- 33 /// </summary>
- 34 public class ChatHeader
- 35 {
- 36 /// <summary>
- 37 /// id唯一标识
- 38 /// </summary>
- 39 public string id { get; set; }
- 40
- 41 /// <summary>
- 42 /// 源:发送方
- 43 /// </summary>
- 44 public string source { get; set; }
- 45
- 46 /// <summary>
- 47 /// 目标:接收方
- 48 /// </summary>
- 49 public string dest { get; set; }
- 50
- 51 }
- 52
- 53 /// <summary>
- 54 /// 内容标识
- 55 /// </summary>
- 56 public enum ChatMark
- 57 {
- 58 BEGIN = 0x0000,
- 59 END = 0xFFFF
- 60 }
- 61
- 62 public enum ChatType {
- 63 TEXT=0,
- 64 IMAGE=1
- 65 }
- 66 }
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打包帮助类,如下所示:全部必要发送的信息,都要进行封装,打包,编码成固定格式,方便分析。
- 1 using System;
- 2 using System.Collections.Generic;
- 3 using System.Linq;
- 4 using System.Text;
- 5 using System.Threading.Tasks;
- 6
- 7 namespace Common
- 8 {
- 9 /// <summary>
- 10 /// 包帮助类
- 11 /// </summary>
- 12 public class PackHelper
- 13 {
- 14 /// <summary>
- 15 /// 获取待发送的信息
- 16 /// </summary>
- 17 /// <param name="text"></param>
- 18 /// <returns></returns>
- 19 public static byte[] GetSendMsgBytes(string text, string source, string dest)
- 20 {
- 21 ChatHeader header = new ChatHeader()
- 22 {
- 23 source = source,
- 24 dest = dest,
- 25 id = Guid.NewGuid().ToString()
- 26 };
- 27 ChatMessage msg = new ChatMessage()
- 28 {
- 29 chatType = ChatType.TEXT,
- 30 header = header,
- 31 info = text
- 32 };
- 33 string msg01 = GeneratePack<ChatMessage>(msg);
- 34 byte[] buffer = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(msg01);
- 35 return buffer;
- 36 }
- 37
- 38 /// <summary>
- 39 /// 天生要发送的包
- 40 /// </summary>
- 41 /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
- 42 /// <param name="t"></param>
- 43 /// <returns></returns>
- 44 public static string GeneratePack<T>(T t) {
- 45 string send = SerializerHelper.JsonSerialize<T>(t);
- 46 string res = string.Format("{0}|{1}|{2}",ChatMark.BEGIN.ToString("X").PadLeft(4, '0'), send, ChatMark.END.ToString("X").PadLeft(4, '0'));
- 47 int length = res.Length;
- 48
- 49 return string.Format("{0}|{1}", length.ToString().PadLeft(4, '0'), res);
- 50 }
- 51
- 52 /// <summary>
- 53 /// 分析包
- 54 /// </summary>
- 55 /// <typeparam name="T"></typeparam>
- 56 /// <param name="receive">原始接收数据包</param>
- 57 /// <returns></returns>
- 58 public static T ParsePack<T>(string msg, out string error)
- 59 {
- 60 error = string.Empty;
- 61 int len = int.Parse(msg.Substring(0, 4));//传输内容的长度
- 62 string msg2 = msg.Substring(msg.IndexOf("|") + 1);
- 63 string[] array = msg2.Split('|');
- 64 if (msg2.Length == len)
- 65 {
- 66 string receive = array[1];
- 67 string begin = array[0];
- 68 string end = array[2];
- 69 if (begin == ChatMark.BEGIN.ToString("X").PadLeft(4, '0') && end == ChatMark.END.ToString("X").PadLeft(4, '0'))
- 70 {
- 71 T t = SerializerHelper.JsonDeserialize<T>(receive);
- 72 if (t != null)
- 73 {
- 74 return t;
- 75
- 76 }
- 77 else {
- 78 error = string.Format("接收的数据有误,无法进行分析");
- 79 return default(T);
- 80 }
- 81 }
- 82 else {
- 83 error = string.Format("接收的数据格式有误,无法进行分析");
- 84 return default(T);
- 85 }
- 86 }
- 87 else {
- 88 error = string.Format("接收数据失败,长度不匹配,界说长度{0},实际长度{1}", len, msg2.Length);
- 89 return default(T);
- 90 }
- 91 }
- 92 }
- 93 }
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服务端类,如下所示:服务端开启时,必要进行端口监听,等候链接。
- 1 using Common;
- 2 using System;
- 3 using System.Collections.Generic;
- 4 using System.Configuration;
- 5 using System.IO;
- 6 using System.Linq;
- 7 using System.Net;
- 8 using System.Net.Sockets;
- 9 using System.Text;
- 10 using System.Threading;
- 11 using System.Threading.Tasks;
- 12
- 13 /// <summary>
- 14 /// 形貌:MeChat服务端,用于接收数据
- 15 /// </summary>
- 16 namespace MeChatServer
- 17 {
- 18 public class Program
- 19 {
- 20 /// <summary>
- 21 /// 服务端IP
- 22 /// </summary>
- 23 private static string IP;
- 24
- 25 /// <summary>
- 26 /// 服务端口
- 27 /// </summary>
- 28 private static int PORT;
- 29
- 30 /// <summary>
- 31 /// 服务端监听
- 32 /// </summary>
- 33 private static TcpListener tcpListener;
- 34
- 35
- 36 public static void Main(string[] args)
- 37 {
- 38 //初始化信息
- 39 InitInfo();
- 40 IPAddress ipAddr = IPAddress.Parse(IP);
- 41 tcpListener = new TcpListener(ipAddr, PORT);
- 42 tcpListener.Start();
- 43
- 44 Console.WriteLine("等候连接");
- 45 tcpListener.BeginAcceptTcpClient(new AsyncCallback(AsyncTcpCallback), "async");
- 46 //如果用户按下Esc键,则结束
- 47 while (Console.ReadKey().Key != ConsoleKey.Escape)
- 48 {
- 49 Thread.Sleep(200);
- 50 }
- 51 tcpListener.Stop();
- 52 }
- 53
- 54 /// <summary>
- 55 /// 初始化信息
- 56 /// </summary>
- 57 private static void InitInfo() {
- 58 //初始化服务IP和端口
- 59 IP = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["ip"];
- 60 PORT = int.Parse(ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["port"]);
- 61 //初始化数据池
- 62 PackPool.ToSendList = new List<ChatMessage>();
- 63 PackPool.HaveSendList = new List<ChatMessage>();
- 64 PackPool.obj = new object();
- 65 }
- 66
- 67 /// <summary>
- 68 /// Tcp异步接收函数
- 69 /// </summary>
- 70 /// <param name="ar"></param>
- 71 public static void AsyncTcpCallback(IAsyncResult ar) {
- 72 Console.WriteLine("已经连接");
- 73 ChatLinker linker = new ChatLinker(tcpListener.EndAcceptTcpClient(ar));
- 74 linker.BeginRead();
- 75 //继承下一个连接
- 76 Console.WriteLine("等候连接");
- 77 tcpListener.BeginAcceptTcpClient(new AsyncCallback(AsyncTcpCallback), "async");
- 78 }
- 79 }
- 80 }
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客户端类,如下所示:客户端紧张进行数据的封装发送,接收分析等操作,并在页面关闭时,关闭连接。
- 1 using Common;
- 2 using System;
- 3 using System.Collections.Generic;
- 4 using System.ComponentModel;
- 5 using System.Data;
- 6 using System.Drawing;
- 7 using System.Linq;
- 8 using System.Net.Sockets;
- 9 using System.Text;
- 10 using System.Threading;
- 11 using System.Threading.Tasks;
- 12 using System.Windows.Forms;
- 13
- 14 namespace MeChatClient
- 15 {
- 16 /// <summary>
- 17 /// 谈天页面
- 18 /// </summary>
- 19 public partial class FrmMain : Form
- 20 {
- 21 /// <summary>
- 22 /// 链接客户端
- 23 /// </summary>
- 24 private TcpClient tcpClient;
- 25
- 26 /// <summary>
- 27 /// 根本访问的数据流
- 28 /// </summary>
- 29 private NetworkStream stream;
- 30
- 31 /// <summary>
- 32 /// 读取的缓冲数组
- 33 /// </summary>
- 34 private byte[] bufferRead;
- 35
- 36 /// <summary>
- 37 /// 昵称信息
- 38 /// </summary>
- 39 private Dictionary<string, string> dicNickInfo;
- 40
- 41 public FrmMain()
- 42 {
- 43 InitializeComponent();
- 44 }
- 45
- 46 private void MainForm_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
- 47 {
- 48 //获取昵称
- 49 dicNickInfo = ChatInfo.GetNickInfo();
- 50 //设置标题
- 51 string title = string.Format(":{0}-->{1} 的对话",dicNickInfo[ChatInfo.Source], dicNickInfo[ChatInfo.Dest]);
- 52 this.Text = string.Format("{0}:{1}", this.Text, title);
- 53 //初始化客户端连接
- 54 this.tcpClient = new TcpClient(AddressFamily.InterNetwork);
- 55 bufferRead = new byte[this.tcpClient.ReceiveBufferSize];
- 56 this.tcpClient.BeginConnect(ChatInfo.IP, ChatInfo.PORT, new AsyncCallback(RequestCallback), null);
- 57
- 58 }
- 59
- 60 /// <summary>
- 61 /// 异步哀求链接函数
- 62 /// </summary>
- 63 /// <param name="ar"></param>
- 64 private void RequestCallback(IAsyncResult ar) {
- 65 this.tcpClient.EndConnect(ar);
- 66 this.lblStatus.Text = "连接服务器成功";
- 67 //获取流
- 68 stream = this.tcpClient.GetStream();
- 69 //先发送一个连接信息
- 70 string text = CommonVar.LOGIN;
- 71 byte[] buffer = PackHelper.GetSendMsgBytes(text,ChatInfo.Source,ChatInfo.Source);
- 72 stream.BeginWrite(buffer, 0, buffer.Length, new AsyncCallback(WriteMessage), null);
- 73 //只有stream不为空的时候才可以读
- 74 stream.BeginRead(bufferRead, 0, bufferRead.Length, new AsyncCallback(ReadMessage), null);
- 75 }
- 76
- 77 /// <summary>
- 78 /// 发送信息
- 79 /// </summary>
- 80 /// <param name="sender"></param>
- 81 /// <param name="e"></param>
- 82 private void btnSend_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
- 83 {
- 84 string text = this.txtMsg.Text.Trim();
- 85 if( string.IsNullOrEmpty(text)){
- 86 MessageBox.Show("要发送的信息为空");
- 87 return;
- 88 }
- 89 byte[] buffer = ChatInfo.GetSendMsgBytes(text);
- 90 stream.BeginWrite(buffer, 0, buffer.Length, new AsyncCallback(WriteMessage), null);
- 91 this.rtAllMsg.AppendText(string.Format("\r\n[{0}]", dicNickInfo[ChatInfo.Source]));
- 92 this.rtAllMsg.SelectionAlignment = HorizontalAlignment.Right;
- 93 this.rtAllMsg.AppendText(string.Format("\r\n{0}", text));
- 94 this.rtAllMsg.SelectionAlignment = HorizontalAlignment.Right;
- 95 }
- 96
- 97
- 98 /// <summary>
- 99 /// 异步读取信息
- 100 /// </summary>
- 101 /// <param name="ar"></param>
- 102 private void ReadMessage(IAsyncResult ar)
- 103 {
- 104 if (stream.CanRead)
- 105 {
- 106 int length = stream.EndRead(ar);
- 107 if (length >= 1)
- 108 {
- 109
- 110 string msg = string.Empty;
- 111 msg = string.Concat(msg, Encoding.UTF8.GetString(bufferRead, 0, length));
- 112 //处理接收的数据
- 113 string error = string.Empty;
- 114 ChatMessage t = PackHelper.ParsePack<ChatMessage>(msg, out error);
- 115 if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(error))
- 116 {
- 117 this.rtAllMsg.Invoke(new Action(() =>
- 118 {
- 119 this.rtAllMsg.AppendText(string.Format("\r\n[{0}]", dicNickInfo[t.header.source]));
- 120 this.rtAllMsg.SelectionAlignment = HorizontalAlignment.Left;
- 121 this.rtAllMsg.AppendText(string.Format("\r\n{0}", t.info));
- 122 this.rtAllMsg.SelectionAlignment = HorizontalAlignment.Left;
- 123 this.lblStatus.Text = "接收数据成功!";
- 124 }));
- 125 }
- 126 else {
- 127 this.lblStatus.Text = "接收数据失败:"+error;
- 128 }
- 129 }
- 130 //继承读数据
- 131 stream.BeginRead(bufferRead, 0, bufferRead.Length, new AsyncCallback(ReadMessage), null);
- 132 }
- 133 }
- 134
- 135 /// <summary>
- 136 /// 发送成功
- 137 /// </summary>
- 138 /// <param name="ar"></param>
- 139 private void WriteMessage(IAsyncResult ar)
- 140 {
- 141 this.stream.EndWrite(ar);
- 142 //发送成功
- 143 }
- 144
- 145 /// <summary>
- 146 /// 页面关闭,断开连接
- 147 /// </summary>
- 148 /// <param name="sender"></param>
- 149 /// <param name="e"></param>
- 150 private void FrmMain_FormClosing(object sender, FormClosingEventArgs e)
- 151 {
- 152 if (MessageBox.Show("正在通话中,确定要关闭吗?", "关闭", MessageBoxButtons.YesNo) == DialogResult.Yes)
- 153 {
- 154 e.Cancel = false;
- 155 string text = CommonVar.QUIT;
- 156 byte[] buffer = ChatInfo.GetSendMsgBytes(text);
- 157 stream.Write(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);
- 158 //发送完成后,关闭连接
- 159 this.tcpClient.Close();
- 160
- 161 }
- 162 else {
- 163 e.Cancel = true;
- 164 }
- 165 }
- 166 }
- 167 }
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备注:本示例中,全部的创建连接,数据接收,发送等都是采取异步方式,防止页面卡顿。
备注
每一次的努力,都是幸运的伏笔。
来源:https://www.cnblogs.com/hsiang/archive/2019/09/16/11530691.html |